Python中requests做接口测试的方法

一、介绍

Requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求

二、前提

pip install requests

三、get的请求

3.1 GET无参请求

r  = requests.get(\'http://www.baidu.com\')

3.2 GET传参

payload = {\'key1\': \'value1\', \'key2\': \'value2\', \'key3\': None}
r = requests.get(\'http://www.baidu.com \', params=payload)

案例：测试聚合数据

代码

import requests
class UseRequestClass():
    #get传参的第一种方式
    def XWTTMethod(self):
        r = requests.get(\"http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790\")
        print(r.text)
    #get传参的第二种方式
    def XWTTMethod(self):
        params = {\"type\":\"guonei\",\"key\":\"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790\"}
        r = requests.get(\"http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index\",params=params)
        print(r.text)

四、post请求

类似python中的表单提交

payload = {\'key1\': \'value1\', \'key2\': \'value2\'}
r = requests.post(\"http://httpbin.org/post\", data=payload)

案例：测试聚合数据

代码

import requests
class UseRequestClass():
    def XWTTPostMethod(self):
        params = {\"type\":\"guonei\",\"key\":\"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790\"}
        r = requests.post(\"http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index\",params=params)
        #print(r.status_code)
        return r.status_code

五、Requests响应

r.status_code        响应状态码
r.heards             响应头
r.cookies            响应cookies
r.text               响应文本
r. encoding          当前编码
r. content          以字节形式（二进制）返回

最常用的是根据响应状态码判断接口是否连通，经常用于做接口中断言判断

六、Request扩充

1.添加等待时间
requests.get(url,timeout=1)          #超过等待时间则报错

2.添加请求头信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers)    #设置请求头

3.添加文件
requests.post(url, files=files)      #添加文件

文件传输

url = \'http://httpbin.org/post\'
files = {\'file\': open(\'report.xls\', \'rb\')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

七、requests+pytest+allure

7.1 流程如下

读取文件中的数据

requests拿到数据请求接口返回状态码

通过断言验证返回状态码和200对比

生成allure的测试报告

7.2 模块总览

dataDemo(存放数据)>> readDemo(读取数据)

useRequests(发送请求)>>testDemo(生成报告)

7.3 读取csv文件流程

7.3.1 存储数据(csv)

通过excel另存为csv即可。

7.3.2 读取数据(readDemo)

代码展示

import csv
class ReadCsv():
    def readCsv(self):
        item = []
        rr = csv.reader(open(\"../dataDemo/123.csv\"))
        for csv_i in rr:
            item.append(csv_i)
        item =item [1:]
        return item

7.3.3 request请求接口返回状态码

代码展示

import requests
from readDataDemo.readcsv import ReadCsv
r = ReadCsv()
ee = r.readCsv()
# print(ee)
class RequestCsv():
    def requestsCsv(self):
        item = []
        for csv_i in ee:
            if csv_i[2] ==\"get\":
                rr = requests.get(csv_i[0],params=csv_i[1])
                item.append(rr.status_code)
            else:
                rr = requests.post(csv_i[0],data=csv_i[1])
                item.append(rr.status_code)
        return item

7.3.4 pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

代码展示

import pytest,os,allure
from userequests.userequestsDemo.requestscsv import RequestCsv
r = RequestCsv()
ee = r.requestsCsv()
print(ee)
class TestClass02():
    def test001(self):
        for code in ee:
            assert code == 200
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    pytest.main([\'--alluredir\', \'report/result\', \'test_02csv.py\'])
    split = \'allure \' + \'generate \' + \'./report/result \' + \'-o \' + \'./report/html \' + \'--clean\'
    os.system(split)

7.3.5 测试报告展示

7.4 读取excle文件流程

7.4.1 存储数据(xlsx)

7.4.2 读取数据(readDemo)

from openpyxl import load_workbook
class Readxcel():
    def getTestExcel(self):
        # 打开表
        workbook = load_workbook(\"G:\\python\\pythonProject\\pytest05a\\\\requestdemo\\\\a.xlsx\")
        # 定位表单
        sheet = workbook[\'Sheet1\']
        print(sheet.max_row)  # 3 行
        print(sheet.max_column)  # 3 列
        test_data = []  # 把所有行的数据放到列表中
        for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
            sub_data = {}  # 把每行的数据放到字典中
            for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
                sub_data[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value
            test_data.append(sub_data)  # 拼接每行单元格的数据
        return test_data
t = Readxcel()
f = t.getTestExcel()
print(f)

7.4.3 request请求接口返回状态码

import requests
from requestdemo.readexcel import Readxcel
class GetStatusCode():
    def getStatusCode(self):
        t = Readxcel()
        f = t.getTestExcel()
        item = []
        for excel_i in f:
            if excel_i[\"method\"] == \"get\":
                rr = requests.get(excel_i[\"url\"], params=excel_i[\"params\"])
                item.append(rr.status_code)
            else:
                rr = requests.post(excel_i[\"url\"], data=excel_i[\"params\"])
                item.append(rr.status_code)
        return item
print(GetStatusCode().getStatusCode())

7.4.4 pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

import allure, pytest, os
from requestdemo.getStatusCode import GetStatusCode

get = GetStatusCode()
statusCodes = get.getStatusCode()

class TestReadExcel():
    def testReadExcel(self):
        for code in statusCodes:
            assert code == 200
if __name__ == \"__main__\":
    # 生成测试报告json
    pytest.main([\"-s\", \"-q\", \'--alluredir\', \'report/result\', \'testreadexcel.py\'])
    # 将测试报告转为html格式
    split = \'allure \' + \'generate \' + \'./report/result \' + \'-o \' + \'./report/html \' + \'--clean\'
    os.system(split)

7.4.5：测试报告展示