先看下效果图:
用到的模块:
- PyMySQL
- requests
- threading
- wxpy
要实现上面的示例,首先是有两大块地方
- 获取天气信息
- 通过微信将天气信息发送出去
而获取天气信息又包括几个小的需要注意的地方
获取天气信息
- 获取天气信息的接口
- 获取天气信息的城市
- 获取所在城市的城市码
假如我们给多个人发送天气情况,这几个人来自不同的城市,那么我们不可能每次都要输入城市名,然后查找城市码,然后再访问接口,获取天气情况,这样会非常的麻烦,所以我们需要考虑将城市名跟城市码一一对应起来,说到一一对应,首先想到的数据结构便是字典,所以我们可以将这些信息存入一个字典里,然后持久化到一个文件中,这样便方便很多
首先我们获取最新的 city 表,这个表是一个 list 类型,大体格式如下:
[ { \"id\": 1, \"pid\": 0, \"city_code\": \"101010100\", \"city_name\": \"北京\", \"post_code\": \"100000\", \"area_code\": \"010\", \"ctime\": \"2019-07-11 17:30:06\" }, { \"id\": 2, \"pid\": 0, \"city_code\": \"\", \"city_name\": \"安徽\", \"post_code\": null, \"area_code\": null, \"ctime\": null } ]
我们就简单的粘贴复制,放到一个空的列表中,如下所示,将所有的城市信息放到列表 citycode 中
citycode = [ { \"id\": 1, \"pid\": 0, \"city_code\": \"101010100\", \"city_name\": \"北京\", \"post_code\": \"100000\", \"area_code\": \"010\", \"ctime\": \"2019-07-11 17:30:06\" }, ... ... ... ... ... ... { \"id\": 2, \"pid\": 0, \"city_code\": \"None\", \"city_name\": \"安徽\", \"post_code\": \"null\", \"area_code\": \"null\", \"ctime\": \"null\" } ] cityinfo = {} #将城市名和城市代码写入json文件中 with open(\'city_for_code.json\',\'w\',encoding=\'utf-8\') as f: for i in citycode: name = i[\"city_name\"] code = i[\"city_code\"] cityinfo[name] = code f.write(str(cityinfo)) #测试是否能读取 with open(\'city_for_code.json\',\'r+\',encoding=\'utf-8\') as file: data_dst = file.readlines() d = eval(data_dst[0])
然后就是一顿处理,只把我们所需的 city_name 和 city_code 这俩字段取出即可,随后写入文件中。如果读取的话就按照上面方法去读取,需要注意的是,使用 open()方法读取文件,得到的内容是一个列表,我们需要通过 eval()方法转化成 dict 类型。
这是把 city_name 和 city_code 放到一个文件中的方法,另外我们也可以放到数据库中,这里以 MySQL 为例,安装 PyMySQL 模块
import pymysql db_parames = { \'host\': \'localhost\', \'user\': \'root\', \'password\': \'123456\', \'database\': \'city_code_info\' } #连接数据库 conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames) #创建游标对象,增删改查都在游标上进行 cursor = conn.cursor() #表存在,就删除 cursor.execute(\"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS city_code\") #建表语句 create_table_sql = \"\"\"CREATE TABLE `city_code` ( `city_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `city_code` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4; \"\"\" #建表 cursor.execute(create_table_sql) #插入数据 with open(\'city_for_code.json\',\'r+\',encoding=\'utf-8\') as f: origin_data = f.readlines() current_data = eval(origin_data[0]) #读取的内容是一个列表,且只包含一个元素 #print(current_data.get(\'北京\',\'Not Exists.\')) for name, code in current_data.items(): sql = \"\"\"INSERT INTO city_code(city_name, city_code) VALUES (\'%s\', \'%s\')\"\"\" % (name, code) try: cursor.execute(sql) except: conn.rollback() conn.commit() conn.close()
执行这个 python 程序就可以将文件中的城市名跟城市码存到库中,当然我们也可以直接获取到城市名和城市码,然后跳过文件持久化这一步,直接把这两个字段取出存进去,但是考虑着代码要多练多写,就多此一举了一下。
下面是输入城市名就能得到城市码的代码块:
import pymysql def get_city_code(city_name): db_parames = { \'host\': \'localhost\', \'user\': \'root\', \'password\': \'123456\', \'database\': \'city_code_info\' } #连接数据库 conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames) #创建游标对象,增删改查都在游标上进行 cursor = conn.cursor() #创建查询语句 select_sql = \"SELECT * FROM city_code where city_name=\'%s\'\"%(city_name) try: cursor.execute(select_sql) result = cursor.fetchall() for row in result: city_code = row[1] return city_code except: return \"Error: unable fetch data!\"
然后是根据输入的城市码来获取天气情况:
import requests def get_weather(city_name,get_date_time=3): city_code = get_city_code(city_name) url = \'http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/%s\'%(city_code) header = { \'user-agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36\' } response = requests.get(url,header) response.encoding = \'utf-8\' weather = response.json() day = {1: \'明天\', 2: \'后天\', 3: \'大后天\'} weather_lst = [] for num in range(get_date_time): City = weather[\"cityInfo\"][\"city\"] Weatherganmao = weather[\"data\"][\"ganmao\"] Weatherquality = weather[\"data\"][\"quality\"] Weathershidu = weather[\"data\"][\"shidu\"] Weatherwendu = weather[\"data\"][\"wendu\"] Weatherpm25 = str(weather[\"data\"][\"pm25\"]) Weatherpm10 = str(weather[\"data\"][\"pm10\"]) Dateymd = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"ymd\"] Dateweek = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"week\"] Sunrise = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"sunrise\"] Sunset = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"sunset\"] Windfx = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"fx\"] Windf1 = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"fl\"] Weathertype = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"type\"] Weathernotice = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"notice\"] Weatherhigh = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"high\"] Weatherlow = weather[\"data\"][\"forecast\"][num][\"low\"] if num == 0: result = \'今日天气预报\' + \'\\n\' \\ + \'日期: \' + Dateymd + \' \' + Dateweek + \' \' + City + \'\\n\' \\ + \'天气: \' + Weathertype + \' \' + Windfx + \' \' + Windf1 + \' \' + Weathernotice + \'\\n\' \\ + \'当前温度: \' + Weatherwendu + \'℃\' + \'\\n\' \\ + \'空气湿度: \' + Weathershidu + \'\\n\' \\ + \'温度范围: \' + Weatherlow + \'\' + \'~\' + \'\' + Weatherhigh + \'\\n\' \\ + \'污染指数: \' + \'PM2.5: \' + Weatherpm25 + \' \' + \'PM10: \' + Weatherpm10 + \'\\n\' \\ + \'空气质量: \' + Weatherquality + \'\\n\' \\ + \'日出时间: \' + Sunrise + \'\\n\' \\ + \'日落时间: \' + Sunset + \'\\n\' \\ + \'温馨提示: \' + Weatherganmao else: which_day = day.get(num,\'超出范围\') result = \'\\n\' + which_day + \' \' + \'天气预报\' + \'\\n\' \\ + \'日期: \' + Dateymd + \' \' + Dateweek + \' \' + City + \'\\n\' \\ + \'天气: \' + Weathertype + \' \' + Windfx + \' \' + Windf1 + \' \' + Weathernotice + \'\\n\' \\ + \'温度范围: \' + Weatherlow + \'\' + \'~\' + \'\' + Weatherhigh + \'\\n\' \\ + \'日出时间: \' + Sunrise + \'\\n\' \\ + \'日落时间: \' + Sunset + \'\\n\' \\ + \'温馨提示: \' + Weatherganmao weather_lst.append(result) weather_str = \'\' #因为默认要输出三天的天气情况,所以我们需要创建一个空字符串,然后每迭代一次,就将天气情况拼接到空字符串中。 for msg in weather_lst: weather_str += msg + \'\\n\' return weather_str
下面是发送微信消息
from wxpy import * def send_wx(city_name, who): bot = Bot(cache_path=True) #bot = Bot(console_qr=2, cache_path=\'botoo.pkl\') my_friend = bot.friends().search(who)[0] msg = get_weather(city_name) try: my_friend.send(msg) except: my_friend = bot.friends().search(\'fei\')[0] my_friend.send(u\"发送失败\")
然后我们还需要写一个定时器,每隔一段时间便要发送一次
from threading import Timer def auto_send(): city_name = \'设置要发送的城市\' friend_list = [\'要发送的人\'] for who in friend_list: send_wx(city_name,who) global timer timer = Timer(1,auto_send) timer.start()
最后执行程序
if __name__ == \'__main__\': timer = Timer(1,auto_send) timer.start()
以上就是python获取天气接口给指定微信好友发天气预报的详细内容,更多关于python获取天气接口的资料请关注自学编程网其它相关文章!